Biography of Saddam Hussein, Dictator of Iraq

Biography of Saddam Hussein, Dictator of Iraq Saddam Hussein (April 28, 1937–December 30, 2006) was the ruthless dictator of Iraq from 1979 until 2003. He was the adversary of the United States during the Persian Gulf War and found himself once again at odds with the U.S. in 2003 during the Iraq War. Captured by U.S. troops, Saddam Hussein was put on trial for crimes against humanity (he killed thousands of his own people) and was ultimately executed on December 30, 2006. Fast Facts: Saddam Hussein Known For: Dictator of Iraq from 1979–2003Also Known As: Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti, The Butcher of BaghdadBorn: April 28, 1937 in Al-Ê ¿Awjah, IraqParents: Hussein Abd al-Majid, Subha Tulfah al-MussallatDied: December 30, 2006  in Baghdad, IraqEducation: High school in Baghdad; law school for three years (did not graduate)Published Works:  Novels including Zabiba and the King, The Fortified Castle, Men and the City, Begone DemonsSpouses: Sajida Talfah, Samira ShahbandarChildren: Uday Hussein, Qusay Hussein, Raghad Hussein, Rana Hussein,Hala HusseinNotable Quote: We are ready to sacrifice our souls, our children, and our families so as not to give up Iraq. We say this so no one will think that America is capable of breaking the will of the Iraqis with its weapons. Early Years Saddam, which means he who confronts, was born in 1937 a village called al-Auja, outside of Tikrit in northern Iraq. Either just before or just after his birth, his father disappeared from his life. Some accounts say that his father was killed; others say he abandoned his family. At almost the same time, Saddams older brother died of cancer. His mothers depression made it impossible for her to care for the young Saddam, and he was sent to live with his uncle Khairullah Tulfah who was briefly imprisoned for political activity. Several years later, Saddams mother remarried a man who was illiterate, immoral, and brutal. Saddam returned to his mother but hated living with his stepfather and as soon as his uncle Khairullah Tulfah (his mothers brother) was released from prison in 1947, Saddam insisted that he go live with his uncle. Saddam didnt start primary school until he moved in with his uncle at age 10. At age 18, Saddam graduated from primary school and applied to military school. Joining the military had been Saddams dream and when he wasnt able to pass the entrance exam, he was devastated. (Though Saddam was never in the military, he frequently wore military-style outfits later in life.) Saddam then moved to Baghdad and started law school, but he found school boring and enjoyed politics more. Saddam Hussein Enters Politics Saddams uncle, an ardent Arab nationalist, introduced him to the world of politics. Iraq, which had been a British colony from the end of World War I until 1932, was bubbling with internal power struggles. One of the groups vying for power was the Baath Party, to which Saddams uncle was a member. In 1957 at age 20, Saddam joined the Baath Party. He started out as a low-ranking member of the Party responsible for leading his schoolmates in rioting. In 1959, however, he was chosen to be a member of an assassination squad. On October 7, 1959, Saddam and others attempted but failed to assassinate the prime minister. Wanted by the Iraqi government, Saddam was forced to flee. He lived in exile in Syria for three months and then moved to Egypt, where he lived for three years. In 1963, the Baath Party successfully overthrew the government and took power, which allowed Saddam to return to Iraq from exile. While home, he married his cousin, Sajida Tulfah. However, the Baath Party was overthrown after only nine months in power and Saddam was arrested in 1964 after another coup attempt. He spent 18 months in prison, where he was tortured before he escaped in July 1966. During the next two years, Saddam became an important leader within the Baath Party. In July 1968, when the Baath Party again gained power, Saddam was made vice president. Over the next decade, Saddam became increasingly powerful. On July 16, 1979, the president of Iraq was forced to resign and Saddam officially took the position. The Dictator of Iraq Saddam Hussein ruled Iraq with a brutal hand, using fear and terror to stay in power. He established a secret police force that suppressed internal dissenters and developed a cult of personality to build public support. His goal was to become the leader of the Arab world, with territory to include the oil fields of the Persian Gulf. Saddam led Iraq in a war against Iran from 1980 to 1988, which ended in a stalemate. Also during the 1980s, Saddam used chemical weapons against Kurds within Iraq, including gassing the Kurdish town of Halabja which killed 5,000 in March 1988. In 1990, Saddam ordered Iraqi troops to take the country of Kuwait. In response, the United States defended Kuwait in the Persian Gulf War. On March 19, 2003, the United States attacked Iraq. Saddam fled Baghdad during the fighting. On December 13, 2003, U.S. forces found him hiding in a hole in al-Dwar, near Tikrit. Death In October 2005, Saddam was tried by the Iraqi High Tribunal on charges of killing the people of the town of Al-Dujay. After a dramatic nine-month trial, he was found guilty of crimes against humanity, including killing and torture, and was sentenced to death. On December 30, 2006, Saddam Hussein was executed by hanging; his body was later removed to a secret location. Legacy The actions of Saddam Hussein have had a powerful impact on international politics for the 21st century. Americas relationship with Iraq and other nations of the Middle East were strongly influenced by the conflicts with Saddams Iraq. The fall of Saddam in 2003 was pictured around the world with images of his statue being pulled down by cheering Iraqis. Since Saddams fall, however, a number of challenges made life in Iraq extraordinarily difficult; employment remains low, and the rise of Al Qaeda and the Islamic State (ISIS) led to violence. Sources: The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"Saddam Hussein.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 18 Jan. 2019.â€Å"Saddam Hussein Biography.†Ã‚  Encyclopedia of World Biography, Advameg, Inc.Saddam Caught Like a Rat in a Hole.  CNN.com, 15 December 2003.â€Å"Saddam Hussein Biography.†Ã‚  Encyclopedia of World Biography.

Trial by Declaration essays

Trial by Declaration essays Trial of The Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Benjamin Franklin, and Robert R. Livingston for the Continental Congress Presented in Philadelphia at Pennsylvania State House Most authorities accept that the Declaration was first written by Jefferson with input from the other four members of the committee. Jefferson sent drafts to Adams and Franklin and presented the final form to Congress. The ideas they included were often takenword for wordfrom prior documents including Richard Henry Lees Motion to create free and independent States. This document is the sum of many brilliant mens thoughts on Philosophy, Government, and War. Most of all, it clearly presented the frustration all of the Continental Congress was feeling at the time, having been stumped by the Kings childish maneuvers to control the colonies for his benefit and amusement. The following is the Closing Argument of the Prosecuting Attorney in the Court Of The Supreme Judge (God) against the Defense, His Majesty the King of Great Britain; a dramatization of Americas struggle to prove the need for independent government. 'Your Honor, We have seen in the court room evidence and testimony of the People of these Thirteen American Colonies. First we presented for you Experts in Philosophy and Human Rights who clearly identified each persons rights to Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness. These same learned men have defined a Government as, quote, Servant and Defendant of the People. 'Professor Barris, Doctorate of Law, testified that the Laws of His Majesty were unjust and did not benefit my Client, not to mention were created by men who did not represent my Client, the Americans. 'The esteemed Senators present here vow to have been sent home numerous times on the whim of this King. They ...

Management (family-business) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management (family-business) - Essay Example ne that has its ownership having 50% and above shares owned by a certain family though most are those that are completely owned and controlled by a single family entity (Gordon 2008 p 7). The success of these businesses faces various challenges which have been discussed in this essay. Also, they have their advantages over nonfamily businesses especially in attracting customer loyalty as well as other factors that have been discussed. Succession also has been identified as a key issue that results to conflicts especially in the process of passing the business from one generation to the other. This essay is an evaluation of the criteria that academics and others use to assess the relative success of a family business. A family business is one whereby a family owns 50% or more of its property. It could be an inheritance from previous generations in the family linage or it could be an investment of the current generation in the family. Family businesses are faced by various challenges which may determine their success. Some of these challenges may arise due to the emotional attachments that family members may have on the business (Fleming 2002 p 67). For example, a case of divorce or separation may tamper with the administrative roles that the partners may hold. This may result to poor communication which is an essential tool in the well being of the business. As such, the formulation of policies and strategies may be hindered thus leading to the downfall of the business. Successful family businesses are those which disintegrate family issues with business. Personal differences should be solved in different avenues other than in business meetings and also business issues should not be discussed in family gatherings such as weddings and parties. If this is not checked, it may interfere with the well being of the two institutions which may result to constant conflicts. Any time wasted through poor interpersonal relationships between the family members should be